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　　通过式清洗机是一种自动化清洗设备，通过输送带将工件连续送入清洗区域，在封闭空间内完成多工序清洗，广泛应用于机械制造、汽车零部件、五金加工等领域，能高效去除工件表面的油污、铁屑、粉尘等杂质。其工作原理围绕 “连续输送、多段处理、精准控制” 展开，通过各环节协同运作，实现工件批量清洁，满足规模化生产对清洁度的要求。

　　The through type cleaning machine is an automated cleaning equipment that continuously sends workpieces into the cleaning area through a conveyor belt and completes multi process cleaning in a closed space. It is widely used in fields such as mechanical manufacturing, automotive parts, and hardware processing, and can efficiently remove impurities such as oil stains, iron filings, and dust on the surface of workpieces. Its working principle revolves around "continuous conveying, multi-stage processing, and precise control". Through collaborative operation of various links, it achieves batch cleaning of workpieces and meets the cleanliness requirements of large-scale production.

　　输送系统是设备基础，负责带动工件完成整个清洗流程，确保连续性。输送带通常采用不锈钢网带、链条或滚轮结构，根据工件形状选择适配方式：网带式适合小型、轻型工件，防止掉落；链条式搭配工装夹具，适合固定异形工件；滚轮式用于大型平板类工件。输送带运行速度可通过变频电机调节，配合清洗时间需求设定，确保工件在每个环节停留足够时间。输送路径多为直线式，部分设备设计为 U 型或 L 型，缩短占地面积的同时，保证工件依次经过各功能区域。

　　The conveying system is the foundation of the equipment, responsible for driving the workpiece to complete the entire cleaning process and ensuring continuity. Conveyor belts usually use stainless steel mesh belts, chains, or roller structures, and the adaptation method is selected according to the shape of the workpiece: mesh belt type is suitable for small and lightweight workpieces to prevent them from falling off; Chain type matching fixture, suitable for fixing irregular workpieces; Roller type is used for large flat workpieces. The running speed of the conveyor belt can be adjusted by a variable frequency motor and set according to the cleaning time requirements to ensure that the workpiece stays for sufficient time at each stage. The conveying path is mostly linear, and some equipment is designed as U-shaped or L-shaped to shorten the footprint while ensuring that the workpiece passes through each functional area in sequence.

　　预处理环节是清洗第一步，去除工件表面大量疏松杂质，为后续精细清洗奠定基础。通常采用高压喷淋方式，通过输送路径两侧的喷嘴，向工件喷射有一定压力的清水或碱性清洗液，冲击并剥离浮尘、铁屑和部分可溶性油污。针对带盲孔、缝隙的复杂工件，设备配备专用旋转喷嘴深入孔洞喷射，避免杂质残留。部分预处理系统加入浸泡工序，让工件在清洗液中短暂浸泡，使顽固油污软化，提升喷淋效果，预处理后工件表面杂质去除率可达 60%-80%。

　　The preprocessing stage is the first step in cleaning, removing a large amount of loose impurities from the surface of the workpiece, laying the foundation for subsequent fine cleaning. Usually, high-pressure spraying is used to spray water or alkaline cleaning solution with a certain pressure onto the workpiece through nozzles on both sides of the conveying path, impacting and peeling off floating dust, iron filings, and some soluble oil stains. For complex workpieces with blind holes and gaps, the equipment is equipped with dedicated rotating nozzles to spray deep into the holes to avoid residual impurities. Part of the pre-treatment system includes a soaking process, allowing the workpiece to be briefly soaked in the cleaning solution to soften stubborn oil stains and improve the spraying effect. After pre-treatment, the removal rate of impurities on the surface of the workpiece can reach 60% -80%.

　　主清洗环节是去除顽固污渍的核心，通过多种方式结合实现深度清洁。根据工件污渍类型，可采用高压喷淋、超声波清洗或浸泡刷洗等方式：高压喷淋提高喷射压力，配合高温清洗液，利用压力与温度协同作用瓦解顽固油污；超声波清洗适用于精密工件，通过高频振动使清洗液产生微小气泡，气泡破裂释放的能量冲击工件表面及缝隙，清除细微杂质；对于有锈蚀或厚层油污的工件，增加刷洗装置，通过旋转毛刷与工件表面摩擦，配合清洗液去除牢固附着的污渍。主清洗环节的清洗液循环使用，通过过滤系统去除杂质，延长使用寿命，降低运行成本。

　　The main cleaning process is the core of removing stubborn stains, achieving deep cleaning through a combination of multiple methods. According to the type of workpiece stains, high-pressure spraying, ultrasonic cleaning, or immersion scrubbing can be used: high-pressure spraying increases the spraying pressure, combined with high-temperature cleaning solution, using the synergistic effect of pressure and temperature to dissolve stubborn oil stains; Ultrasonic cleaning is suitable for precision workpieces, which generates small bubbles in the cleaning solution through high-frequency vibration. The energy released by the burst of the bubbles impacts the surface and gaps of the workpiece, removing fine impurities; For workpieces with rust or thick oil stains, add a scrubbing device to remove firmly attached stains by rotating the brush and rubbing it against the surface of the workpiece with cleaning solution. The cleaning solution in the main cleaning process is recycled, and impurities are removed through a filtration system to extend its service life and reduce operating costs.

　　漂洗环节清除工件表面残留的清洗液和杂质，避免二次污染。经过主清洗的工件表面会附着少量清洗液，漂洗环节通过喷射清水或去离子水将残留物冲洗干净。漂洗通常分 1-3 级，一级用循环清水，二级用过滤后的洁净水，高精度要求场景会增加三级去离子水漂洗，防止水中矿物质在工件表面形成水印。漂洗水温略低于主清洗温度，既保证效果，又避免水分蒸发过快导致杂质残留。有干燥需求的工件，漂洗后经沥水段，通过倾斜输送或压缩空气吹扫，去除表面大部分水分，为干燥做准备。

　　The rinsing process removes residual cleaning solution and impurities from the surface of the workpiece to avoid secondary pollution. After the main cleaning, a small amount of cleaning solution will adhere to the surface of the workpiece, and the rinsing process will rinse off the residue by spraying clean water or deionized water. Rinsing is usually divided into 1-3 levels, with the first level using recycled water and the second level using filtered clean water. For high-precision scenarios, a third level of deionized water rinsing will be added to prevent minerals in the water from forming watermarks on the surface of the workpiece. The rinsing water temperature is slightly lower than the main cleaning temperature, which ensures the effect and avoids impurities remaining due to rapid evaporation of water. Workpieces with drying requirements are rinsed and then drained through a drainage section. Most of the surface moisture is removed by inclined conveying or compressed air blowing to prepare for drying.

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